Layer 1 Whitepapers
Base-layer blockchain protocols — the foundation of Web3. Read AI-powered analyses of every Layer 1 project whitepaper.
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Ethereum
Ethereum is a decentralized platform that enables developers to build and deploy smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps), facilitating a wide range of financial and non-financial solutions based on blockchain technology.
Layer 1Solana
Solana proposes a new high-performance blockchain architecture that introduces Proof of History (PoH), offering a unique approach to verify the order and passage of time between events, which can result in significantly reduced validation times.
Layer 1Sui
Sui is a decentralized smart contract platform that leverages the Move programming language for advanced asset management and transaction scalability.
Layer 1All Layer 1 Whitepapers

Pi
PIPi Network is a blockchain-based ecosystem that allows users to mine Pi tokens directly from their mobile devices, facilitating peer-to-peer transactions and decentralized applications.

Polkadot
DOTPolkadot is a scalable, heterogeneous multi-chain framework designed to offer interoperability between various blockchains, enabling them to work seamlessly together.

Ethereum
ETHEthereum is a decentralized platform that enables developers to build and deploy smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps), facilitating a wide range of financial and non-financial solutions based on blockchain technology.

Concordium
CCDConcordium is a privacy-focused, public blockchain platform designed for regulatory compliance, scalability, and fast transactions.

Stratos
STOSStratos is a decentralized infrastructure network offering computation, storage, and network traffic services for blockchain applications.

Energy Web Token
EWTEnergy Web Token (EWT) is a blockchain-based platform designed to improve the efficiency, security, and scalability of energy markets through decentralized technology.

Lisk
LSKLisk is a platform for developing and deploying JavaScript-based decentralized applications using custom blockchains.

Tellor
TRBTellor is a decentralized oracle protocol designed to provide secure and censorship-resistant off-chain data to smart contracts on blockchains, utilizing a system of incentives to ensure data accuracy and security.

ThunderCore
TTThunderCore is a public, permissionless blockchain compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), utilizing the PaLa consensus protocol to achieve high scalability, security, and fast transaction speeds.

Syscoin
SYSSyscoin is a blockchain platform that combines the features of Bitcoin and Ethereum to offer a versatile and scalable solution for various applications.

Hydra
HYDRAHydraChain is a high-performance blockchain platform designed to provide scalability, instant finality, and Ethereum compatibility for developers and users.

Hyperliquid
HYPEHyperliquid is a high-performance blockchain platform designed to unify finance by combining liquidity, user applications, and trading activity into a single, decentralized ecosystem.
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