Layer 2 Whitepapers

Sui is a decentralized smart contract platform that leverages the Move programming language for advanced asset management and transaction scalability.

Lumia is a next-generation Layer 2 blockchain platform that leverages advanced technologies like Polygon CDK and NearDA to solve liquidity fragmentation and scalability issues in the blockchain space.

Arbitrum Nitro is a second-generation Layer 2 blockchain protocol designed to enhance throughput and efficiency of Ethereum by using an optimistic rollup approach.

Optimism is a layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum, aimed at reducing transaction costs and increasing throughput while maintaining Ethereum's security and decentralization.

Base is an Ethereum Layer 2 network built with OP Stack technology and connected with Coinbase. It gives developers an Ethereum-compatible environment for lower-cost application execution while keeping a settlement link to Ethereum.

Celestia is a modular blockchain that specializes in data availability, allowing other blockchains and rollups to post transaction data to it rather than handling storage themselves. It uses Data Availability Sampling so nodes can verify data without downloading all of it, keeping hardware requirements low while scaling throughput. The TIA token is used for data storage fees, staking, and governance. Celestia's modular design has influenced the broader blockchain industry's shift toward separating execution from data availability.

Nervos Network is a layered blockchain ecosystem designed to enhance scalability, flexibility, and security for decentralized applications.

zkLink addresses blockchain interoperability and liquidity fragmentation by providing an aggregated rollup infrastructure using zero-knowledge proof technology.

MDEX is a decentralized exchange that leverages Heco Chain and Ethereum for low transaction fees and rich ecosystem integration, offering dual mining mechanisms for liquidity and transactions.

Kite introduces the Sprites protocol, a payment channel solution designed to improve the scalability of blockchain transactions by reducing the collateral costs associated with routing payments across multiple channels.

ETHGas is a layer 2 solution on Ethereum that optimizes transaction execution by commoditizing blockspace, offering gas rebates and enhanced transaction predictability.

Zircuit is a blockchain solution that enhances transaction security and efficiency using hybrid architecture combining rollups and zero-knowledge proofs.