Rollups Whitepapers

Optimism aims to address Ethereum's latency and high transaction costs through innovative layer two "roll-up" solutions that enhance scalability and efficiency.

Vault is a novel cryptocurrency design that minimizes storage and bootstrapping costs for users based on Algorand's proof-of-stake consensus protocol.

Immutable X is a protocol on Ethereum Layer 2 for trading, minting, and transferring non-fungible tokens (NFTs) with high scalability and without compromising security.

Arbitrum Nitro aims to scale Ethereum efficiently through an innovative Layer 2 protocol, blending faster transaction processing with optimized, secure rollup technology.

Loopring leverages zkRollups to enhance transaction speed and reduce costs on Ethereum, positioning itself as a robust Layer 2 scaling solution.

Mantle is an Ethereum Layer-2 scaling solution that uses optimistic rollup technology to bundle transactions off-chain before settling them on Ethereum. This approach dramatically reduces gas fees and increases throughput while inheriting Ethereum's security guarantees. Mantle also compresses transaction data to further cut costs, making it well-suited for DeFi applications, NFT trading, and other high-volume on-chain activity.